Dr. Rosie DVM

Clinical decision support tool. Does not replace professional veterinary judgment. Always verify recommendations with current references.

Holstein Dog — Clinical Risk Profile | VetTools | VetTools Clinical Intelligence

Holstein

RUMINANT· GIANT· Lifespan: 15-20 years

📋 Breed Predispositions

Condition	Prevalence	Onset	Severity	Screening
Displaced Abomasum (DA)	3-7% in high-producing herds	Early lactation (2-6 weeks postpartum)	SEVERE	Auscultation and ping, monitor fresh cows daily
Ketosis (Type I)	15-30% subclinical	2-6 weeks postpartum	MODERATE RISK	Blood or milk BHB testing, urine ketones
Mastitis	Very common	Any lactation	MODERATE RISK	SCC monitoring, CMT, culture
Digital Dermatitis / Lameness	15-30%	Any age	MODERATE RISK	Locomotion scoring every 2 weeks

🩸 Breed-Specific Lab Normals

Test	Breed Normal	General Range	Note
BHB (Beta-hydroxybutyrate)	< 1.0 mmol/L	N/A (species-specific)	BHB 1.0-1.4 = subclinical ketosis. > 1.4 mmol/L = clinical ketosis. Test fresh cows weekly for 6 weeks postpartum.

🏥 Anesthesia Considerations

⚠ Bloat under general anesthesia (rumen tympany)

Fast 24-48 hrs solids, 12 hrs water. Orogastric tube for rumen decompression. Position in sternal recumbency when possible. Rapid induction, intubate immediately. Keep anesthesia time < 2 hrs.